Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism (underactivity of the thyroid gland) occurs
when the thyroid gland produces less than the normal amount
of thyroid hormones. The result is the “slowing down” of
many bodily functions. Although hypothyroidism may be temporary,
it usually is a permanent condition. Some studies have shown
that as many as 10 percent of women and 3 percent of men
have hypothyroidism.
Symptoms
In its earliest stage, hypothyroidism may cause few symptoms,
since the body has the ability to partially compensate for
a failing thyroid gland by increasing the stimulation to
it, much like pressing down on the accelerator when climbing
a hill to keep the car going the same speed. However, as thyroid hormone production
decreases and the body’s metabolism slows, a variety of symptoms may
result, including:
- Pervasive fatigue
- Drowsiness
- Forgetfulness
- Difficulty with learning
- Dry, brittle hair and nails
- Dry, itchy skin
- Puffy face
- Constipation
- Sore muscles
- Weight gain and fluid retention
- Heavy and/or irregular menstrual flow
- Increased frequency of miscarriages
- Increased sensitivity to many medications
Treatment of hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism is treated with a single daily dose of levothyroxine,
given as a tablet. An experienced physician can prescribe
the correct form and dosage to return the thyroid balance
to normal. Older patients who may have underlying heart disease
are usually started at a low dose and gradually increased
while younger healthy patients can be started on full replacement
doses at once.
Since most cases of hypothyroidism are permanent and often
progressive, it is necessary to treat this condition throughout
one’s lifetime. Periodic monitoring of TSH levels and
clinical status is necessary to ensure that the proper dose
is being given, since medication doses may have to be adjusted
from time to time.
Appropriate management of hypothyroidism requires continued
care by a physician experienced in the treatment of this
condition. |
